The demonstration significance of “Ten Cities and Ten Thousands†is mainly to find and solve the problems in the practical application of semiconductor lighting products through application. This requires each city to find suitable products and application areas according to its own characteristics, establish a corresponding operation mode, and find out the shortcomings through a trial run for a period of time, and finally conclude a relatively reasonable and effective solution. Therefore, whether it is to promote technological innovation through application or to drive applications through new business models, it has practical value.
main problem
The “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand†semiconductor lighting application engineering pilot project has achieved valuable results, and has played a positive role in promoting technological innovation and industrial development, but the pilot work has also exposed some problems. This includes some of the universal problems in China's market economy environment, such as departmental coordination mechanisms, local protectionism, etc.; it also contains some temporary problems caused by the immature development of semiconductor lighting, an emerging industry. Ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of the industry requires fundamental and long-term problems that are constantly being addressed.
1. Lack of guidance documents and financial subsidies at the national level
1. Lack of guidance at the national level
It is generally reflected in various places that due to the lack of guidance at the national level, the overall implementation plan and the guidance on the demonstration application products in the initial stage of the launch, in many respects, an open, first-hand development approach has been adopted, resulting in subsequent coordination and practical operations. Difficulties arise, there is no reference standard in the implementation process, and the demonstration effect cannot be judged.
In addition, the coordination and coordination between the various ministries and commissions is insufficient, which makes the local demonstration projects lack strong support, especially in terms of funds, and no financial subsidy policy for demonstration projects has been issued. Moreover, since the pilot work is mainly led by the science and technology department, it is difficult to coordinate other local departments, which poses certain obstacles to the specific implementation of the demonstration project.
2. Lack of scientific analysis of the maturity of different applications
In some pilot cities, there is no preliminary analysis of the technical maturity and application difficulty of the demonstration application products. There is no clear distinction between landscape lighting, special lighting, tunnel lighting and other functional areas, especially for main road lighting. The technical status and product maturity of street lamp technology, for example: LED street lamp can save 40% energy compared to the branch road lamp with system power consumption below 250W; compared with 400W high-pressure sodium lamp, LED street lamp is not dominant at that time. Therefore, some cities use LED street lights to replace the 400W high-pressure sodium lamps of the main roads, which cannot reflect the energy-saving advantages of LED street lamps. Even in some areas, the street lights that have just been installed have been replaced by LED lamps, resulting in unnecessary financial and human waste.
LED has obvious energy-saving advantages in landscape lighting, subway lighting, tunnel lighting, commercial lighting, underground parking and cold storage lighting, and is a very mature application field. However, in the pilot, there was a misconception that “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Cities†was a large-scale use of LED street lamps, and there were misunderstandings in the direction of promotion and the scope of application, and premature application in areas that should not be rushed. In the field of indoor lighting, such as some alternative spotlights, downlights, and underground parking lots, the technology and products have not been promoted, which has affected the advancement of the pilot work.
In addition, research shows that local governments lack policy guidance and related methods for localized chip applications in the pilot project. Many companies have unilaterally pursued the use of imported chips, failing to form an industrial and policy environment that encourages the application of domestically produced chips, especially It is possible to form a domestically produced chip market with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate specific measures to encourage the localization rate of chips in local policies.
Second, the need to establish a quality assurance system and engineering process management
Establishing and perfecting an authoritative and unified national quality assurance system and engineering process management system is a major event related to the future development of the semiconductor lighting industry.
1. Lack of uniform standards and testing systems
At present, due to the international semiconductor lighting inspection technology, testing equipment and testing methods are still in the research and development stage, there is no unified testing method and technical standards, and China has approved the establishment of four national semiconductor lighting testing centers that are under construction. There are great differences in input, talents and testing capabilities. Some local testing organizations lack technical and talent support, and the testing level is limited, resulting in inconsistent test results of the same product in different testing institutions. The quality evaluation of products is confusing and lacks data comparison. Mutual recognition of results.
The country has only introduced some basic standards. For example, 7 of the 9 industry standards issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are standards for devices, and lack standards for lighting products. At the same time, the implementation of the seven technical specifications issued by the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance is insufficient, and there are also large differences between local standards and local standards and norms. Therefore, although all local cities pay great attention to the construction of testing and standard systems, at the national level, there is a lack of unified planning and overall layout for the construction of standards and testing platforms in various localities.
2. The engineering process management and supervision system is still not perfect
The survey found that in the pilot work, there are no specific management measures for engineering tendering, product inspection, on-site spot inspection, process monitoring and acceptance assessment system, especially the lack of relevant technical requirements such as “Demonstration of Engineering Demonstration†and on-site acceptance. The quality of the pilot demonstration projects implemented in some places is uneven, and even product quality problems have arisen. For example, some LED street lamp demonstration engineering products exist in circuit control technology, light efficiency, illumination uniformity, color rendering, and service life. This defect. In addition, under the pressure of low-price bidding, some enterprises have inconsistencies between the products being inspected and the actual engineering application products, and exposed the loopholes in the spot check and process monitoring.
Third, the "business model" and its promotion environment need to be improved
At the beginning of the “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Milesâ€, the contract energy management (EMC) model received widespread attention. This model is based on the owner-led, cost-effective electricity payment for the relatively expensive initial installation cost of LEDs. The risks of investment and technology of the owners have mobilized the enthusiasm of the owners and the power saving effect is remarkable. Especially since the release of the State Opinions on Accelerating the Implementation of Contract Energy Management to Promote the Development of Energy-Saving Service Industry on April 2, 2010, the pilot cities have actively explored the contract energy management model and have achieved certain results, but in the promotion process. The following obstacles were discovered:
1. The contract energy management mode has a long return period
Due to the relatively high cost of semiconductor lighting products and the low electricity price in China, there are widespread cases where the project return period is too long. Some demonstration projects may take 5 to 8 years to recover the cost. However, the existing financing methods cannot meet the requirements of the EMC model for guarantees or mortgage loans. It is difficult for semiconductor lighting companies or contract energy companies to bear the financial pressure and affect the implementation of the EMC model.
2. Product specifications are not uniform
At present, LED products lack common interfaces and standardized products, and the product interchangeability is poor, which leads to difficulty in maintenance of demonstration engineering applications and affects the application of EMC mode.
3. Lack of energy efficiency assessment system
Due to the rapid development of LED technology, the application field has been continuously expanded, and there is no scientific and unified energy-saving measurement method. At present, there is still no energy-saving evaluation system for semiconductor lighting demonstration applications. The energy-saving effect of LED lighting products cannot be accurately evaluated, which affects EMC. Promotion of the model.
4. Lack of contract energy companies with both financing and professional background
The contract energy management model has just started, and the government, banks, users and energy service companies are not understanding enough. Emerging and potential energy service companies do not have the capabilities required by the mechanism, there is a lack of financing channels, and the project development cycle is long. Problems such as poor profitability. The EMC model requires the involvement of financial institutions, but it must solve the problem of financial institutions' lack of understanding of LED technology, products, and energy-saving effects. Therefore, an energy-saving company with both financial background and professional technical background should be the main body of the energy-saving management model.
4. Excessive local protectionism and lack of technical support for investment promotion
In the absence of guidance and overall implementation, some places lack overall layout and unilaterally pursue the effect of attracting investment. For some enterprises that do not have technical reserves and professional technical teams, under the condition of no discrimination, there is no “technical threshold†and even “enclosure†phenomenon. At the same time, there are excessive local protectionism in some places. Regardless of whether the local enterprises have the corresponding qualifications, they will hand over the “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Miles†project to the local enterprises, or adopt the low-price bidding method to ensure the quality of the project. In addition, some cities have small scales, weak R&D foundations, insufficient integration technology innovation capabilities, low levels of homogenization of products, and one-sided pursuit of imported chips, failing to form chip applications suitable for Chinese characteristics.
To a certain extent, the above-mentioned phenomena have affected the realization of the goal of cultivating domestic leading enterprises, enhancing the localization rate of devices, enhancing independent innovation, and improving the overall level of the industry through “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Citiesâ€. Even due to the lack of quality monitoring in some projects, some application products have different quality problems, which has affected the public's recognition of semiconductor lighting and industry reputation.
a thing that joins together two parts of sth, two vehicles or two pieces of equipment.
Custom Coupling,Coupling Of Encoders,Useful Coupling,Latest Coupling
Yuheng Optics Co., Ltd.(Changchun) , https://www.yhenoptics.com