With the rapid development of modern electronic information technology and the strong growth of China's automobile manufacturing industry, modern electronic technology and information technology have become an indispensable main branch of automobile manufacturing technology. Statistics show that the average cost of automotive electronics has accounted for about 30% of the entire vehicle. With the soaring fuel prices and the public's high attention to safety, energy conservation and environmental protection issues, at the same time, consumers' demands for intelligent, electronic, informational and networked vehicles have made automotive electronics products widely available. Apply to the various subsystems of the car. Such as engine and fuel control systems, ABS and vehicle stability control systems, lighting and lighting systems, anti-theft systems, comfort and convenience equipment, and security protection.
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Nowadays, automobiles have become highly mechatronic products. The design of automotive electronics will involve mechanical, power, electronics, electromagnetic, control and other fields, making the design of automotive electronics and systems more complex and challenging. Therefore, the traditional design method has been unable to cope, and a more advanced design method is needed. As the industry's leading electromechanical system design software vendor, Ansoft uses its powerful design platform to help engineers meet the challenges of automotive electronics design and efficiently achieve high-performance design to compete in the fierce market competition. First opportunity.
Design and Analysis of ABS Based on Ansoft Virtual Design Platform
The traditional mechanical anti-lock braking system (ABS) can only imitate the function of the electronic ABS through some transmissions because there is no electronic control unit (ECU), which requires the driver to step on the brakes from light to heavy. The brake pedal can make its braking performance the best, and the driver's instinct in the case of an emergency is to slam on the brake pedal, so the car is easy to "tail" or the steering failure, resulting in traffic accidents.
In response to the problems of traditional mechanical ABS, automobile manufacturers have developed electronic ABS. Because electronic ABS does not require the driver to deliberately cooperate, and requires one foot to brake on the ground, the electronic ABS is far safer than the mechanical ABS. However, the design of electronic ABS will involve the precise design of electromagnetic components such as speed sensors and solenoid valves and the entire system. The traditional method is to repeatedly prototype prototypes, which not only causes huge waste of manpower, material resources and time, but also has stable performance. Sexuality will face enormous challenges.
In response to this technical challenge, Ansoft provides ABS manufacturers with a comprehensive virtual design platform that not only solves the precise design problems of electromagnetic components such as speed sensors and solenoid valves, but also realizes multiple levels of ABS from behavioral level to equipment level. Modeling, design and analysis.
In order to make the ABS model easy to interact between different organizations and simulation products without mathematical model conversion and simplification, the international standard VHDL-AMS is adopted when establishing an ABS model of the wheel in Ansoft electromechanical system simulation analysis platform Simplorer. The modeling language, its model is shown in Figure 1.
In Figure 1, the ECU monitors the speed of the wheel through the wheel speed sensor. When the wheel is about to lock, the ECU will issue a command to the solenoid valve to adjust the input wheel brake cylinder by adjusting the switching signals of the inlet and outlet valves. The amount of oil, in the form of "one release, one" to control the brakes, so that the wheel is in a critically locked intermittent rolling state, to avoid the occurrence of wheel lock phenomenon, to prevent side slip and deviation.
Figure 1: ABS behavioral design model modeled using VHDL-AMS.
Although the dynamic model of the wheel is established in Fig. 1, since the speed sensor and the solenoid valve adopt a behavioral level model, the electromagnetic characteristics cannot be accurately simulated, so there is a certain gap between the simulated model and the actual system. To this end, Maxwell 2D/3D was used to accurately model and finite element analysis of solenoid valves and speed sensors based on physical prototypes, and the Simplorer system simulation model was extracted by parametric design to establish a physical prototype based on Simplorer. The device-level ABS simulation analysis model makes the simulation results closer to the real system test results.
It can be known from the above that the behavioral ABS model can quickly test and analyze the working characteristics of ABS, verify the control principle, and predict the time when the wheel and vehicle speed drop to zero, but because it can not accurately consider the actual electromagnetic of the speed sensor and solenoid valve. Characteristics, so the results of the simulation have a certain gap compared to the equipment-level model, and this gap may lead to a car accident. Because physical prototype-based simulation results can approach real-world test results with infinite precision, Ansoft can provide a multi-level design solution from component to system, from behavioral to device level for ABS design.
Figure 2: Behavioral and physical prototype-based solenoid valve design models and control signal comparisons.
Figure 3: Device-level ABS simulation analysis model based on physical prototype
Figure 4: Comparison of behavioral ABS and physical prototype-based device-level ABS simulation analysis
Other automotive electronics and system design based on Ansoft virtual design platform
In the automobile ignition system, since the high-voltage arc characteristics (voltage level, energy level, duration of arc duration, etc.) required by the igniter have a great influence on the ignition process and running performance of the engine, accurate construction of the ignition coil is required. Modulus and finite element analysis. In order to speed up the process of simulation analysis and R&D, in the early stage of development, Maxwell 2D can be used to model and finite element analysis of the ignition coil (at this time, the three-dimensional edge effect, the inductive coupling of the secondary winding, the core loss and the winding are not considered. The eddy current loss, etc.), and through the parametric design, obtain the optimal electromagnetic characteristics of the ignition coil.
In addition, in order to analyze and test the performance of the entire ignition system, Simplorer was used to realize electronic control, and a simulation model of ignition system based on physical prototype was established. The simulation results show that the output voltage of the ignition system can meet the design requirements, and it is basically consistent with the actual test result waveform (in order to reduce the error, the results of the simulation analysis are close to the test result infinitely accurate, and some follow-up work is needed, including: establishing Maxwell and Simplorer co-simulated the analysis model to test, build a three-dimensional model of the ignition coil and calculate capacitance and iron consumption based on three-dimensional finite element analysis, system simulation using equipment-level IGBT, etc.).
Ansoft's virtual design platform also facilitates the precise design of EV/HEV motors from component to system, including: RMxprt-based magnetic path method for rapid design and solution optimization, Maxwell 2D/3D based finite element precision design and various Normal and fault condition testing, Simplorer based motor and drive system design and analysis, and EMI/EMC analysis of automotive systems. For example, a spark plug can cause a large electromagnetic interference to a car during operation, thereby causing other devices to malfunction or control malfunction. In order to accurately analyze the electromagnetic characteristics and the interference caused, Maxwell 3D can be used for accurate modeling, and the electromagnetic interference generated by the spark plug during normal operation is coupled to the HFSS through field coupling between Maxwell and HFSS, and then the interference is analyzed. The impact on the entire car is shown in Figure 9.
Figure 5: Magnetic coil and magnetic field distribution of ignition coil based on Maxwell 2D finite element analysis
Figure 6: Simulation analysis model of Simplorer ignition system based on physical prototype
Figure 7: Comparison of the output voltage and design specifications of the Simplorer ignition system based on the physical prototype with the measured voltage.
Figure 8: Simplorer EISG System Simulation Model Based on Physical Prototype
Figure 9: Spark Plug EMI/EMC Analysis Based on Maxwell and HFSS Field Coupling
Summary of this article
In view of the many problems existing in the design of traditional automotive electronic components and systems, this paper proposes to use EDA engineering software to accelerate the car from component to system design and development process, and combines some automotive electronics and system design applications to demonstrate the Ansoft virtual based on physical prototype. The design platform has many technical advantages in automotive product design. It has been proven that Ansoft's design platform can accelerate the development of automotive manufacturers, reduce R&D costs, improve product quality, and ensure that car manufacturers can develop better products at lower cost and in shorter cycles. Make car manufacturers at the forefront of the most competitive technology.
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