Head-mounted display devices such as VR are not new in the technology industry, but before sinking into the consumer market, this type of equipment first came from the military industry. How can pilots conveniently conduct missile operations when piloting an aircraft? Liberation Both hands have become the subject of military research for decades.
In the military and aeronautical fields, the earliest mention of head-mounted display equipment came from Albert Bacon Pratt. He applied for a similar concept patent in 1916, but he never produced a device, and this patent is also More or less forgotten in the corner. Nearly six decades later, "Honeywell", a company familiar to Beijingers, developed a head-display device called "Visual Target Acquisition System" (VTAS). In 1973, the United States Navy had 500 F. The -4N and F-4J bombers are equipped with VTAS. However, the effect is not ideal. During the test, VTAS will even track the downtime (aircraft following the long plane to execute the mission in a formation flight) instead of the target missile. Such an error obviously does not meet the requirements of the military and the use of VTAS stops there.
VTAS
However, in the 1980s, the U.S. military conducted testing of head-mounted displays in fixed-wing aircraft and attack helicopters. At the same time, the Soviet Union and Israel are also developing similar projects on their own. Israel’s optical equipment manufacturer EL-OP was a pioneer in the country, and EL-OP later became part of Elbit’s defense company. After VTAS, the development of wearing display devices in the defense field is in a difficult time. Later, in the F-35 fighter aircraft, a new head-mounted display device developed by Vision Systems International was installed, which is Elbit's sister company in the United States.
Head-mounted equipment in the F-35 fighter
For personal display devices, volume has always been one of the problems plaguing the industry. On the one hand, a large volume can bring about a larger display area. On the other hand, a large volume is the contradiction of the device to achieve portability.
Then came Lumus of Israel. After years of military research on head-mounted equipment, Dr. Yaakov Amitai founded the company in order to bring the cutting-edge technology that the military enjoys to the consumer market, and the first thing he has to solve is the volume problem.
How to solve this problem is naturally an extremely complicated process. Dr. Amitai recalls that in the 1970s he began to talk about head-mounted display devices and he was awarded the subject of research and development in the military. After that, he was transferred to the Weizmann Institute of Science, Stanford University, and EL-OP. His research was based on holographic imagery. Although he spent many years in this study, he later thought it was a dead end: According to the laws of physics, the larger image area, higher image quality, and smaller component volume are not It may be implemented simultaneously on the head.
He chose to leave the EL-OP and abandon all head-up equipment research. Before leaving the company, Dr. Amitai also had a patent research on the field of communications, which laid the foundation for his breakthrough.
In an interview in 2007, Dr. Amitai recalled: “When I sent my son to kindergarten, there was an idea in my head that began to ferment. When I returned to my home, I immediately took down the idea of ​​being patented. At that time, I knew that I had discovered the holy grail of personal display technology. Soon after, I established Lumus.â€
The patented technology that lays the foundation of Lumus is the Light-guide Optical Element (LOE). Explained by Dr. Amitai's own words: LOE is a unique ultra-thin lens with a small perspective prism embedded in it. The projection device at the temple position transmits the content through a series of reflections to human eyes through a mobile device (such as a smartphone). Fang, this can create a virtual large-screen effect.
LOE Simple Schematic
Reflection, transmission, so you may understand, LOE and fiber optic technology has a similar principle: the total reflection of light. So the experience of Dr. Amitai who had conducted communication research from another field has helped his inspiration.
In the first eight years of its establishment, there was no public record indicating that Lumus had accepted venture capital. In 2008, their first finished product, PD-18, went public. Monocular, vertical placement, full color, resolution 800 x 600, FOV 32°, this is the basic parameter for this professional-oriented device. Lumus has not launched direct-to-consumer products since then, and they chose to hand over the core design to the OEM. In 2010, the U.S. Air Force used the Gentex Scorpion Helmet Helmet to use the Athlon and F-16 fighter jets, and the system used the Lumus PD-18 derivative PD-14. The biggest difference between this device and all previous military heads is two-color display and integration. The military has used the same type of equipment to customize helmets, while the helium subsystem has been built for existing models of helmets. The standard of the United States Air Force combat equipment can be deployed on a variety of standard helmets.
Prototype glasses equipped with PD-18
Lumus's success may have inspired the industry, and Google Glass, which is similar to Lumus's principles, soon caught up. Although Lumus and Google Glass-like devices are not strictly speaking ARs because they also require interaction with the real world, they have laid important technological foundations for the development of AR: high light transmittance, high brightness display , volume reduction and thinness of the lens...
Dr. Amitai’s year-round research and inspiration at the moment coincided with the story of the scientist we had read as a child, such as Newton and Edison. Just like Mark Twain said: history doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme (history will not repeat itself, but it will always be strikingly similar).
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