When it comes to infrared light, lasers, microwaves, etc., I believe that most people understand it. However, there may be few people who know about terahertz.
In 2004, the terahertz (THz, 1012Hz) technology was first proposed by the United States and was listed as one of the “Top Ten Technologies for Changing the World in the Future.†For a time, experts in the global academic community turned their attention to this unseen one. technology. Now that ten years have passed, the industry’s understanding of terahertz has gradually deepened, and many experts are more convinced that terahertz will overturn the vast majority of future industries. Some even think that terahertz will be the basis for 6G or 7G communications...
However, terahertz is still the most mysterious existence in the electromagnetic spectrum, whether for academic or industrial. So what is the attractiveness of terahertz to attract the attention of global technologists? What is preventing researchers from further exploring THz? With these questions, Lei Fengnet (searching "Lei Feng Net" public concern) at the recent laser seminar on the interview with Chinese Academy of Sciences academician Yao Jianyao.
Which industries can terahertz subvert? In the electromagnetic spectrum, the wavelength of the terahertz wave is between 3μm and 1000μm, and the frequency is 0.1-10THz (similar to hard disk capacity unit 1TB, 2TB..), which is an electromagnetic wave between microwave and infrared.
Yao Jianwei told Lei Fengwang that terahertz is different from other bands in the electromagnetic spectrum. It has almost all the functions of communication, radar, and remote sensing ranging, and each application performs better than the existing technology.
It can be seen from the above figure that the terahertz wave is between the radio wave and the optical wave, which gives it a certain degree of different characteristics from the rest of the electromagnetic wave. It has the advantages of microwave communication and light wave communication, that is, the high transmission rate. , Large capacity, strong directionality, high security and strong penetration.
Theoretically speaking, in the field of communications, the higher the frequency, the greater the communication capacity. The terahertz wave is one to four orders of magnitude higher in frequency than the currently used microwaves, and it can provide a wireless transmission rate of 10 Gbit/s or more, which is a level that microwaves cannot reach. Therefore, it can solve the problem that the information transmission is subject to the bandwidth, and can also meet the user's demand for bandwidth.
radarBecause the terahertz wavelength is very short, in the range of about 30um-3mm, far smaller than the microwave and millimeter wave wavelengths, can achieve higher accuracy, and penetrating power is far stronger than the laser radar.
In addition, the radar is detected by the reflected signal of the receiving object, so once the surface of the object absorbs or scatters the radar wave, the radar will not detect the object. However, as mentioned above, terahertz has a very wide bandwidth, so it can monitor more objects more effectively and may be used in areas such as driverless cars in the future.
In general, terahertz radar has high resolution, strong penetration, and strong anti-interference ability.
Security imagingAt present, security inspections at public places such as train stations and airports usually take two steps, first through metal security doors (most of them based on X-rays), and then the entire body is swept by staff using hand-held metal detectors. There are two major drawbacks to this solution. The search is very embarrassing to the user. In addition, the radiation of X-rays will affect the human body.
"The energy released by terahertz is so small that it will not produce harmful photoionization in the human body. Therefore, terahertz is a safer security technology than X-ray."
Yao Jianyu said that.
In addition, because the terahertz penetrating ability is very strong, it can not only detect metal, the human body carries non-metallic, colloidal, powder, ceramics, liquids and other dangerous items can be recognized by the system, and the efficiency of security inspection is greatly improved. Now. At present, the terahertz human body security inspection equipment has been put into use at home and abroad.
Biomedical diagnosis
Yao Jianxi said that the terahertz band can directly detect the information of biomolecules, which cannot be compared with other electromagnetic bands.
Terahertz waves are easily absorbed by polar molecules such as water molecules or oxygen molecules (which is also a major drawback of terahertz). Since different molecules have different absorption spectral lines, we can use these spectral lines and terahertz wave imaging technology. To diagnose some major diseases. Not long ago, the Terahertz Technology Research Center of the Chongqing Institute of Green Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences stated that terahertz waves can directly “see†biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins, which means that we can use terahertz technology to diagnose cancer cells. .
Where is it difficult to study terahertz?Unfortunately, at home and abroad, there has been no major breakthrough in terahertz research for more than a decade. Terahertz has only just gone from the lab to the stage of productization. At present, we can only see too much on some security equipment. The shadow of Hertz, large-scale commercial seems to be out of reach. It is no exaggeration to say that human perception of terahertz is not as good as artificial intelligence.
Yao Jianyao said that the immature technology is the fundamental reason why terahertz cannot be used on a large scale. In this frequency band, it is not entirely suitable for processing with optical theory, nor is it entirely suitable for microwave theory; the second point is that terahertz. Test and measurement equipment also stalled due to high technical barriers.
"Making a related device requires huge capital, and with the existing technology alone, the product's efficiency and size cannot meet the needs of a large number of scenarios," he added. Because the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the process requirements for the device, at least at home now can not create high-quality products.
At the current level of research, microwaves and lasers are more cost- and efficiency-efficient than terahertz radars, but in the next decade or two, terahertz will eventually become the core technology.
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