Although Dongguan dominates the rivers and lakes in the packaging field, it still hangs in the downstream chain of the industrial chain. In the midstream of production equipment, substrate materials, epitaxial wafers and chips, Dongguan is basically still blank.
A complete LED industry chain consists of several links, from upstream substrate materials, epitaxial wafers and chip manufacturing, to midstream packaging, to downstream applications, technical characteristics and capital characteristics are very different, and the industry entry threshold is gradually reduced. . According to media reports, China's LED industry has a typical unbalanced industrial chain structure. In 2008, the output ratio of chips, packages and applications was 1:9:22, and the industrial development was deformed.
Under such a background, the LED industry in Dongguan has also been branded with a deformity. Although there is no exact statistical data, in the eyes of the industry, the LED industry in Dongguan is too concentrated in the downstream of the industrial chain. The middle and upper reaches are too weak. The whole city can be used as a substrate. Only the middle gallium semiconductor company can To achieve mass production, it is only Fudi Electronics.
There is an analogy among the insiders: Most LED industries in Dongguan are just doing "porters". For the future LED industry in Dongguan, to achieve great development, how to move from the downstream to the upstream, from the low end to the high end, determines the future development prospects.
Lack of "core" troubles
Although Dongguan dominates the rivers and lakes in the packaging field, it still hangs in the downstream chain of the industrial chain. In the midstream of production equipment, substrate materials, epitaxial wafers and chips, Dongguan is basically still blank. Even in the field of high-power packaging that Dongguan is good at, Dongguan faces the embarrassing situation of “one is not a springâ€.
Liang Mingjuan, manager of Qinshang Optoelectronics Strategic Development Department, said: "Most of the LED companies in Dongguan are concentrated in the field of low-power packaging, and it is rare to get involved in high-power."
Wei Guangfei, the person in charge of Kunguang Optoelectronics, said: "90% of LED companies in Dongguan are engaged in the production of small-power LED digital tubes and LED single lamps. This type of LED is only used for accessories such as home appliances and display screens."
The production of such non-illuminated parts depends on the orders of others, and there is a risk of precariousness. The 2008 financial crisis has made these enterprises suffer. Wei Guangfei used to do this kind of accessory production. In order to get rid of the passive situation of swaying people, he started to organize the research and development of LED lamp production technology in 2005, and has begun to quantify production.
Wei Guangfei said: "But many enterprises in Dongguan have considered switching from packaging to application after the financial crisis, and they are still arduously exploring."
In the upstream field, Dongguan currently only has Fudi Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. to achieve mass production, but this old state-owned enterprise currently only has a small power chip supply, which is difficult to toss in the field of high-brightness lighting.
According to Xu Bing, assistant general manager of Fudi Electronics, the current maximum power of Fudi electronic chip is 80 lumens/watt (lm/W), which can reach 110 lumens/watt next year , but this still has a big gap with foreign countries. At 186 lumens/watt or more, it is only 150 lumens/watt sold in China.
At present, China has formed a relatively complete LED epitaxial wafer production, chip preparation, chip packaging and product application industry chain, but most of the chips and equipment in the field of LED lighting rely on imports. National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering Research and Development and Industry Alliance (CSA) survey statistics show that as of the end of 2008, China has become the world's third-generation GaN chip production base, but the localization ratio of LED chips is only 49%, power GaN chips are only close 20%.
Wei Guangfei said: "There are very few domestic chip manufacturers, and Xiamen Sanan is the head of the horse. However, the quality of Sanan's chips is quite different from that of overseas. We sometimes use them, but most of them use Taiwan. â€
On the other hand, domestically, there has not been much success in the field of LED midstream, and it has also illustrated the difficulty of LED innovation "core". The road ahead is not smooth. According to media reports, a key LED company in Dongguan claimed to launch its own LED production equipment in August, but according to this reporter, the production equipment has not been listed yet.
Sun Yongjian, a senior engineer at China Gallium, said that several other major production bases in China are basically integrated in the upper, middle and lower reaches of LED production, while in Dongguan, they are completely concentrated in downstream production. He believes that the development of LED industry in Dongguan must be shifted to the upstream. The downstream is basically a labor-intensive industry with low profit margin, no technological advantages, and the development prospects will be narrower and narrower.
Most of the LED industry is doing "porters"
Tan Zhanghao, senior engineer of Dongguan Electronic Information Industry Association, agrees with this statement. He even vividly stated that most of Dongguan's current LED industry is still doing “porterâ€, but does not master core technology, but is doing downstream of this industry. The chip, substrate, and epitaxy of the middle and upper reaches are hardly involved. The most serious consequence of this is that upstream resources are controlled and the initiative to lose pricing is lost.
"If the upstream enterprises do not support, the enterprises themselves can not produce, they can only go abroad to buy." Xu Bing said.
“The main reason for this result is that the brands that are made are empty shelves, have no core technology, have no core competitiveness, and are not involved in related projects in the upstream and middle of the industry. Therefore, the future development direction must be to support brands. Tan Zhang said that the LED enterprises in Dongguan still have great development potential. The industry support and policy support are good. The key lies in whether they can attract enough funds to invest. "If you invest only a few million yuan, build one." The laboratory can't solve the essential problem."
He believes that from the perspective of the entire industry chain, core technology accounts for half of the profits of the entire industry chain, and processing into chips is half of the half of profits, which means that the profit of processing chips is only 1/4 of the profits of the entire industry chain. For a long time, Dongguan has used this one-quarter profit to fight the land, fight manpower and fight the environment. "Dongguan's chip assembly plant is a lot, and it is the 'porter'. In the future, enterprises still have to master high-tech and core technologies. With the advantages of the present, they can find ways to find breakthroughs in both talent and capital." Tan said .
Buying a foreign program triggers a price war
At present, there are 60 enterprises engaged in the production and operation of LED lighting technology and products in the city. In terms of quantity alone, compared with the total number of tens of thousands of enterprises in the city, the whole industry is a bit insignificant. It is reasonable to say that there are not many companies and the business should be done very well. But Xu Bing said that the LED industry in Dongguan is very competitive.
The reason is fierce because some companies that do not have research and development conditions and have no core technology are involved in the manufacture of LED products. How to do without technology? Xu Bing said that enterprises can pay for the purchase of programs from foreign LED companies and use the schemes of foreign companies for production. The result of this is that the products produced are only different in appearance, but objectively reduce the entry barrier of the LED industry, and let the industry fall into the vicious competition of price.
Xu Bing said that in fact, the risk of purchasing a company is very high. After a certain batch, if the national policy changes, the company lacks core technology and cannot cope with it, and it will be "dead" very badly . He also predicted that the LED industry will usher in a major reshuffle in 2011, and many companies will collapse.
Although the company has purchased the solution, it can also produce LED products, but it is always located downstream of the industrial chain. Xu Bing said that this is also a common problem in the LED industry in Guangdong. The production and manufacturing of enterprises are concentrated in the packaging and application of the middle and lower reaches, and the middle and upper reaches, especially the upstream, are rather weak. Taking the substrate as an example, only the China-Galcon Semiconductor Company can be used as a substrate in Dongguan, and this company has just started, and it will take a while to put into production.
Liang Mingjuan said: "We will not produce LED chips, because most of these core technologies are monopolized by overseas companies, and it is difficult to break through in technology. Even if we barely develop something, there will be no market. If the quality is not enough. The price you sell is only 1/10 of the people's family, and people don't dare to ask."
Attempt of China Gallium Semiconductor
Dongguan Zhongjia Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd. decided to let go. The company, jointly organized by Jumin Information Technology Co., Ltd. and the University of Peking University's Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Research Center, was founded in Qishi Town last year, targeting LED core substrate, epitaxial wafers and related precision processing equipment.
In the conventional process preparation, the epitaxial wafer is grown on a substrate of sapphire, silicon carbide or silicon, and then cut and polished into an LED chip. However, the medium gallium semiconductor additionally selects a path for growing an epitaxial wafer on a gallium nitride substrate, and once the circuit is turned on, a higher quality epitaxial wafer can be produced. This year, Chinalco acquired a Korean company and absorbed its technology. It invested more than 40 million yuan to import two MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) equipment for epitaxial wafer preparation from Aixtron.
In the "Program" on November 3, the industrialization project of gallium nitride (GaN)-based substrate materials was placed on the technical research and perfection of the industrial chain.
At present, the company has built a production line for substrate materials and is about to put into production. The main direction of China Gallium is the most advanced substrate material for LEDs. Most of the current LED epitaxial wafers are grown on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates, but Chinalco has created a technique for growing epitaxial wafers on a gallium nitride substrate.
“The GaN substrate material has three highs—high technology, high difficulty, and high price, so it can bring higher profit margins and promising prospects.†Sun Yongjian, a senior engineer at China Gallium, said that in the production of gallium nitride At the same time as the substrate material, in order to balance the price and performance, Chinalco also developed a composite substrate material. "This is a compromise, the price is lower than the gallium nitride substrate, but the technical principle is similar. The performance is also much better than the substrate materials currently on the market."
The companies that focus on LED upstream technology are rare in Dongguan and even in the Pearl River Delta, and there are few companies in China that have the leading technology of substrate materials. "The development trend of China's LED industry must be shifted from the downstream production to the upstream, and China Gallium has already taken the lead in this regard." Sun Yongjian said that this is the reason why the gallium is the main material for the substrate.
“Technology is king. With technology, it has a market.†Wang Guangpu, marketing manager of China Gallium, said that China Gallium is not worried about the market prospects of the products. “When GaN substrate technology has not been applied, the technology is adopted. The display of personnel at academic conferences at home and abroad has already established a reputation in the industry. Once it is put into production, it is very easy to find a buyer."
Forgotten indoor lighting
LED street lighting is now in full swing, but indoor lighting has not improved much. Some enterprises have called for Dongguan, as a major consumer of electricity, not to forget the LED indoor lighting application. Wei Guangfei said: "There is a misunderstanding. When talking about LED lighting, everyone only thinks about street lights. In fact, there are so many labor-intensive enterprises in Dongguan, and it is more urgent to promote LED indoor lighting."
A big problem with LED promotion is that it is expensive. The LED indoor lighting fluorescent lamp is more than 500 yuan high, and the low one is 160 yuan. Compared with the fluorescent lamp of 10 yuan, there is a world of difference. Therefore, it is difficult to promote it in ordinary people's homes, but it is suitable for labors with large power consumption. Intensive enterprise applications.
Xu Bing also said that the price of a LED street light is about 5,000 yuan, which is equivalent to the price of a 5-inch high-pressure sodium lamp. There are several reasons why LED street lights can not be widely promoted. First, the cost is high. Second, LEDs are developing rapidly, and the technology is becoming mature. However, the relevant technical standards and testing standards are not very sound. The third is to consider current, heat dissipation, light efficiency and life. And other factors.
Wei Guangfei said: "Kun Guang's product warranty is 5 years, and the cost of buying the lamp can be recovered within one year. The remaining electricity cost for the remaining 4 years is completely owned by the enterprise itself. The LED lamp is 50% less energy efficient than the fluorescent fluorescent lamp. Dongguan is so labor intensive. If the enterprises are all replaced with LED lights, it can save a lot of industrial electricity and completely eliminate the power problem of the neck."
"Although it is cost-effective, many companies are reluctant to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars to replace the lamp." Wei Guangfei said frankly.
The industry consensus, the promotion of LED indoor lighting is a good thing, but the promotion of new technology has certain difficulties, the government needs to make a difference. In the “Implementation Plan for Promoting the Development and Application of LED Industryâ€, Dongguan City has made arrangements for broadening financing channels and proposed to promote the “contract energy management modelâ€. That is, the user, the bank and the general contractor of the project sign a service contract, and the user pays the bank loan to pay off the project implementation unit expenses, and bears most of the financing risks of the project implementation. Then the user repays the annual electricity savings after the completion of the engineering transformation. Banks, the electricity bills saved after the expiration of the contract and the existing equipment are all owned by the users.
According to industry insiders, although this model is good, it still stays in the field of high-power lighting, and indoor lighting benefits less. (Southern Daily News)
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