I. Brief introduction of smart distribution network
Smart grid is the intelligentization of the grid. It is based on an integrated, high-speed two-way communication network, through advanced sensing and measurement technology, advanced equipment technology, advanced control methods and advanced decision support system technology. Application, to achieve the goal of reliable, safe, economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe use of the power grid, its main features include self-healing, incentives and including users, resisting attacks, providing power quality to meet the needs of users in the 21st century, allowing for various differences Access to power generation, start-up of the electricity market, and optimized and efficient operation of assets.
In recent years, the new concept of smart grid has gradually gained popularity from the power sector at home and abroad. The smart grid mainly uses advanced network analysis technology and new intelligent technology to organically link various equipments, control systems, production tasks and workers of power companies, based on a "public information model". Automatically collect and store data, conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the operation of the power supply system and the operation and management of the power company, and objectively and correctly optimize its asset management and power supply services. The smart grid includes four parts: intelligent power generation, intelligent power transmission, intelligent power distribution and intelligent power transformation.
The intelligent distribution network is an important part of the smart grid, which can realize flexible control of the microgrid, thereby improving the reliability and management level of the power supply on the demand side. The main technical contents of the smart distribution network are:
1) Distribution data communication network.
2) Advanced sensing measurement technologies, such as optical or electronic transformers, overhead line and cable temperature measurement, on-line monitoring of power equipment status, power quality measurement and other technologies.
3) Advanced protection control technology.
4) Advanced distribution automation.
5) Advanced Measurement System is a system that uses smart meters to measure, collect and analyze user power data on a variety of communication media, as needed or in a set manner.
6) DER grid-connected technology, including DER in the distribution network "plug and play" and micro-network two parts of the technical content.
7) DFACTS is an extension of flexible AC transmission (FACTS) technology in the distribution network, including power quality and dynamic power flow control.
8) Fault current limiting technology refers to the technology that uses power electronics and high temperature superconducting technology to limit short-circuit current.
Second, the status quo of smart distribution network technology
The smart grid has strong resource optimization and configuration capabilities and a more stable operation level, and can adapt to and promote the development of new energy. At present, China's power transmission capacity is insufficient, and the integration of new energy sources is also difficult. The development of smart grids can help solve these problems.
China's smart grid research started relatively late, combined with the actual situation of China's power grid and energy utilization, from the two perspectives of the large power grid and the medium and low voltage grid, and proposed the goal of “strong smart gridâ€. The State Grid plans to gradually promote the construction of smart grids in three phases. The first phase (2009-2010), planning pilot phase, focusing on smart grid development planning, formulating technical and management standards; second phase (2011-2015), comprehensive construction phase, accelerating UHV grid and urban and rural distribution Network construction, initially formed a smart grid operation control and interactive service system, key breakthroughs and extensive application of key technologies and equipment; the third phase (2016-2020), leading the upgrading phase, comprehensively built a unified and strong power grid, technology and equipment reached International leading level. Distributed energy realizes “plug and play†and popular application of smart meters.
The three major objectives of intelligent power distribution system: safe and reliable, high quality, efficient and flexible interaction. The key projects of the power distribution link in the smart grid include: distribution network construction and transformation of distribution network, pilot and practicalization of distribution automation, information islands related to correlation and integration, access and control of distributed power supply, and interaction of distribution systems. Application, etc. In order to meet the requirements of users for power supply reliability, power quality and quality service, and to meet the distributed power supply, centralized and distributed energy storage without interference, the traditional power distribution system operation mode and management method in the future power grid need to be improved; The distribution network is the cornerstone of a strong smart grid, strong in UHV, and smart in the distribution network.
At present, the "Smart Grid Key Equipment (System) Development Plan" and "Smart Grid Technology Standard System Plan" prepared by the State Grid Corporation have been introduced. This move has pointed out the product direction for a large number of equipment companies entering the smart grid. It is estimated that the total investment scale of smart grid is close to 4 trillion yuan. The strong market background will drive the development of power system power generation, transmission, substation, power distribution, power consumption and dispatching, etc., for related primary and secondary equipment. Manufacturers bring a rare opportunity for development.
The development of smart distribution network technology is in full swing throughout the country, and the power departments at all levels are actively deploying intelligently. For example, in May 2011, the “Smart Distribution Network Key Equipment Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance†jointly initiated by five leading power equipment manufacturing companies in the United Nations of Shaanxi Province Geoelectric Group was formally established in Shaanxi. The alliance is composed of key equipment design, production, R&D, application units and related enterprises and institutions engaged in intelligent distribution network. It is a non-profit, loose and open unincorporated industry alliance organization and the first in the field of smart distribution networks in China. Strategic Alliance. Promote the development of China's smart grid.
Third, the development of smart distribution network technology
The distribution network shifts from the traditional supplier-led, one-way power supply, and the operation mode that relies on manual management to user participation, two-way flow, and high automation. With the progress of China's distribution network construction, it will produce more and more obvious economic and social benefits, mainly in the following three aspects.
1) Achieve optimal operation of the distribution network to achieve cost-effectiveness. The distribution network uses advanced monitoring technology to monitor and optimize the operation status in real time, reduce the system load ratio and increase its load rate, so that the system capacity can be fully utilized, so that the investment in the primary equipment of the grid can be delayed or reduced. Significant economic and social benefits.
2) Provide high quality and reliable power to ensure the development of modern social economy. While ensuring the reliability of power supply, the distribution network can also provide users with power quality that meets their specific needs; it can not only overcome the short-term power interruption caused by the previous fault reclosing and switching operations, but also eliminate voltage convergence and harmonics. The impact of imbalances provides a reliable and high-quality power guarantee for the normal operation of various high-tech equipment and for the development of modern society and economy.
3) Promote the new energy revolution and promote environmental protection and sustainable development. The traditional distribution network planning, protection control and operation management methods basically do not consider the SER access, and do not affect the normal operation of the distribution network, the existing standard or operational guidelines for the capacity of the connected DER The choice of its grid-connected points has imposed strict restrictions, which restricts the promotion and application of distributed power generation. SDG has good adaptability, can access DER in a large amount and reduce the cost of grid connection, greatly promote the development of renewable energy power generation, greatly reduce the use of fossil fuels and carbon emissions, and promote the production of electricity while promoting environmental protection. And the transformation of the energy structure.
Today, with the continuous growth of energy demand, the continuous development of new technologies and the growing voice of environmental protection, smart grid has become an inevitable requirement of the power industry, and has become a common choice for countries all over the world to meet future challenges. For China, smart grids are more critical and necessary for future sustainable development.
It comes down to the combination of intelligent distribution network for environmental requirements, market, safety and power quality. Focus on the upgrading of the power grid, establish a unified power grid across four time zones; maximize the value and efficiency of the power grid, and gradually realize unified network management of solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy; comprehensively promote distributed energy management and create the highest in the world The energy efficiency of using energy and building a smart grid with Chinese characteristics is the direction of China's power development in the future.
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