The excitation method of the DC motor refers to the problem of how to supply power to the excitation winding and generate the excitation magnetomotive force to establish the main magnetic field. According to the different excitation methods, DC motors can be divided into the following types.
1. DC motor
The excitation winding has no connection with the armature winding, and the DC motor powered by the other DC power supply to the excitation winding is called a separately excited DC motor. The wiring is shown in Figure 1.23 (a). In the figure, M represents an electric motor, and if it is a generator, it is represented by G. Permanent magnet DC motors can also be viewed as separately excited DC motors.
2. Shunt DC motor
The excitation winding of the parallel-excited DC motor is connected in parallel with the armature winding, and the wiring is shown in Figure 1.23 (b). As a parallel-excited generator, the terminal voltage from the motor itself supplies the excitation winding; as a parallel-excited motor, the excitation winding and the armature share the same power supply, and the performance is the same as that of the other-excited DC motor.
3. Series Excited DC Motor
After the excitation winding of the series-excited DC motor is connected in series with the armature winding, it is then connected to the DC power supply, as shown in Figure 1.23 (c). The excitation current of this DC motor is the armature current.
4. Compound excitation DC motor
The compound excitation DC motor has two excitation windings in parallel excitation and series excitation. The wiring is shown in Figure 1.23 (d). If the magnetomotive force generated by the series excitation winding is the same as the direction of the magnetomotive force generated by the parallel excitation winding, it is called product complex excitation. If the two magnetomotive force directions are opposite, it is called differential compound excitation.
DC motors with different excitation methods have different characteristics. In general, the main excitation methods of DC motors are parallel excitation, series excitation and compound excitation, and the main excitation methods of DC generators are other excitation, parallel excitation and compound excitation.
Figure 1.23 Excitation mode of DC motor
a) Other incentives; b) Parallel incentives; c) Series incentives; d) Compound incentives
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