Borrowing from Digital China's definition of smart city, it is divided into three major areas, one is services for citizens, the other is services for enterprises, and the other is services for urban operations. The framework of biometric technology in the entire smart city is more of a fusion with the identity of citizens. The integration with citizen identity includes ID cards, human faces, and various technologies. Among these technologies, biometrics is a large type of technology, and another large type of technology besides cards. Physiological characteristics are innate, including human face, fingerprints, veins, palm shape, and infrared thermal imaging; behavioral characteristics include acquired walking posture, speaking tone, voice, and handwriting, which are collectively called biological characteristics. There are several common characteristics, one is that some characteristics of each person may be quite different, some differences are relatively small, and people are different. The second is that almost in a certain period of time, some characteristics may have some changes, some characteristics remain stable for a certain period of time, and some are not what we know, not what we carry, but are innate feature.
The most well-known biometrics are fingerprints and human faces, but you may not be particularly familiar with the iris I reported. In the field of biometric identification, fingerprints, human faces, and iris are usually referred to as the top three biometric technologies. Why do you say that? At present, fingerprints, faces, and irises have been collected for more than one billion people in the world. The second technology is based on the maturity of international standards, international industrialization, and the maturity of the entire industrial ecology, which is also superior to other biological characteristics.
What are the specific good features of iris?
The first is uniqueness. Identical twins are also different. Everyone has different left and right eyes.
The second is stability. The iris surpasses fingerprints and human faces. The iris remains basically unchanged from birth to death, although there are minor changes. In the field of iris recognition, there is a very famous story called the "Afghan girl" story. In 1984, the American magazine "National Geographic" used Afghan girl as the cover of the magazine. After years of war, the girl's eyes showed a yearning for a peaceful life. . Twenty years later, I wanted to find this girl. At that time, the war and the place of residence were changing, and her appearance was also changing. Finally, the girl was found again through the iris. The images of these two faces, if you tell you that they are the same person, maybe you can see some similarities. If you don't tell you, I dare not say that they are the same person. This is a well-known story in the field of iris recognition.
The third is non-invasiveness. Fingerprints are contacting. The face can reach a distance of a few meters or more, and the iris is also non-contacting.
The fourth is anti-counterfeiting. Why does Apple display a three-dimensional face? Mainly to solve the living body. The iris itself is dynamic, and the pupil changes with the light. The gray part in this picture is the iris, which also changes with the light, which has great value and significance for anti-counterfeiting.
In India, Indonesia, Mexico, the Philippines and other countries, especially Southeast Asia and Africa, they have now introduced some policies to collect biological characteristics for all people. It is not just collecting the iris. The most common are fingerprints, faces, and iris. The three characteristics will be collected and used as basic citizen data held by the government.
In addition to national-level applications, there are also vertical industry applications, including financial applications, military applications, and entry-exit applications, which will be discussed in detail later. Here is an example of an application scenario. Some people who have been to the UAE may know that the iris will be verified before entering the country. It is mainly compared with the blacklist database in the background and the database of the people who have been expelled. The two pictures on the right are the earliest collection equipment. At that time, people were required to get close to collecting iris. After so many years of development, in 2018, Dubai Airport in the United Arab Emirates introduced a new generation of technology that can achieve greater distances and integrate human faces with iris. Because the face and iris are on the head, the eyes are smaller and the face is larger, but there is a suitable optical device that can collect the face and iris at the same time for recognition.
There are four major biometric identification systems in the United States, and each of them is multi-modal, mainly fingerprints, faces, iris, and other biometrics. The first is the ABIS of the Ministry of National Defense. ABIS was used in Iraq and Afghanistan to collect fingerprints, faces and iris information of local people; there is also the NGI of the FBI, which started with fingerprints and expanded to human faces. When it comes to iris, it also extends to tattoos. Now when you go to the United States, you must press your fingerprints and take photos, starting with fingerprints and human faces, and now at the border between the United States and Mexico, iris is also being introduced. There are also 12 million government employees organized by the U.S. federal government, as well as fingerprints, face, and iris data. This is an application scenario in the United States.
Zhongke Hongba is the earliest company in China that focuses on iris recognition. The technology is exported to some regions in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, not only for domestic use, but also to foreign countries. It was first applied in the mining industry in China. Why do we use it in the mining industry? Because mine workers have black faces and black hands, these biological characteristics are unusable. This is our very good application scenario, so we are also the largest biometric supplier in the mining industry in China. At the same time, innovative applications in security, smart terminals and other fields.
There are four key technologies for iris: First, to solve the problem of iris imaging, is there any iris image? Have you photographed it? The second is to judge the authenticity of the iris. Nowadays, some eye diseases require artificial eyes. The third is the quality evaluation. After the image is obtained, what is the quality of the image? Because it is not like a human face, the area of ​​the human face is relatively large, and the shooting distance is relatively long. The eyes of people with iris only account for one-tenth or even one-hundredth level of the face. How can it be collected well? , Quality is also very important. The fourth is to solve the subject of the iris image, which person's iris is. This is our main technical concern in the field of iris recognition.
We use iris technology to provide safe and efficient solutions for residential community management, public security prison management, and corporate plant management, effectively improving community safety and corporate park safety. This photo is of the largest listed chemical company in China. The fingerprints of many workers in the chemical company are not very useful because the work they do every day is corroded by some chemicals. The company has 15,000 employees and many factory entrances. How can these employees enter safely? The human face was first tried. Under outdoor conditions, there is only one canopy on it, which can be operated at night and at noon, winter and summer, so we have built the first access control for the smart park with iris as the core here. The overall scheme of attendance management.
In addition to public safety, a safety management project for preventing children from being lost has also been completed. To collect data on children between the ages of 0 and 12, police stations and kindergartens in more than 20 provinces and cities across the country have set up collection points, which are collected voluntarily. If unfortunately this child is lost one day, with a database and equipped with some mobile devices, in the kindergarten, you can find out in real time whether the child was lost before.
In 2008, we cooperated with partners in the Middle East to realize the real bank card-free and password-free application. Withdrawing money at ATM, there is no card or password, as long as people come, it is not allowed to make any mistakes. of. We started operation in 2010 and have not had a misrecognition case in such a long time.
In addition to the financial aspect, in 2016 and some mobile phone manufacturers, the iris recognition was miniaturized. Everyone thinks that iris recognition is very expensive and requires very large equipment. Now that it can be embedded in a mobile phone, an iris recognition hardware software adds up to only a few dollars on a mobile phone. Our cases include China's first mass-produced iris recognition terminal, including the mass-produced in cooperation with the Philippines, and the smart terminal in cooperation with Africa, which integrates our technology.
The first generation of iris technology for smart terminals is mature. One of the main requirements of smart terminals is to have a better user experience. Therefore, we are currently working on next-generation upgrades, especially in the combination of iris recognition and face collection. At the same time, the iris information is also collected to further improve safety.
In the past two years, many national-level biometric projects have appeared in particular. The 1.25 billion people in India collect biometrics, and their current national database has been fully established. Singapore started collecting iris for the whole people in January 2017, and they have begun to use it at some border inspection ports to quickly clear customs. There is also South Africa, which also announced that it will add human faces and irises to the national ID card system starting in 2019. Especially in Africa, their faces are particularly dark, and the current facial effects are not as good as in China, so we are also working on improving the biological modality. In the future, we also believe that it must be a multi-modal development.
Today, China is making intelligent transformations. All industries are making intelligent, intelligent security, intelligent banking, intelligent border inspection, intelligent social security, and intelligent new police. These fields are also doing city-level biology with relevant government departments and cities. recognition system. Therefore, in the future, the biological characteristics from controlled scenes to complex scenes will definitely be in the perception mode. How can people be able to recognize the iris with little or no cooperation, as well as the calculation mode, especially the amount of data? At a very large time, deep learning algorithms need to be reformed and innovated in these aspects.
In conclusion, on the one hand, the future is to be miniaturized, mobile, and low power consumption. Now we are also cooperating with some lock factories to add our modules to smart door locks to support multi-modality of face, fingerprint and iris. On the other hand, it is long-distance, multi-modal, high-throughput, and non-sensing.
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