Abstract : The development of modern electronic technology is getting faster and faster. The basic core technology is embedded computer system. As one of the embedded systems, the single-chip microcomputer is characterized by its obvious typicality, extensiveness and popularity. The development of electronic systems occupies an important position. This paper reviews the application of single-chip microcomputer in electronic technology, introduces its basic composition and characteristics, analyzes its application, and finally proposes its future development direction.
First, the characteristics and basic components of the single chip microcomputer
Compared with other embedded systems, single-chip microcomputers are small in size, but have high integration, high reliability and control functions, low power consumption and low voltage, so they are very beneficial to the manufacture and production of portable products. Good scalability and excellent performance, its application range is very wide, including office automation equipment, real-time process control, various instruments, medical equipment, automotive electronics and computer network communication technology, etc. The single chip microcomputer is a very practical embedded system. The basic components include the following parts: First, the operator, the core of which is the ALU component, the main function is to complete the binary arithmetic and logic operations, the auxiliary equipment of the operator includes the temporary register TMP, the register B, the accumulator ACC, the Boolean a processor and a program status flag register PSW, etc.; second, a controller, which is a nerve center of the CPU, including timing control logic circuits, instruction registers, and decoders; and third, memory, each storage in the memory Each unit corresponds to an address, which is represented by a 2-digit hexadecimal number; fourth, an input device and an output device.
Second, the application of single chip in electronic technology
(1) Working principle of single chip microcomputer
It can be said that the application of single-chip microcomputer in electronic technology is more and more common, which is benefited from its excellent storage function, and must be realized by A accumulator when it is connected with the external memory of the single-chip RAM, that is, if all data is to be external RAM The transmission can only be done by the A accumulator, and also by the A accumulator during the data reading process. This working mechanism is significantly different from the internal RAM, that is, the internal RAM can directly transfer and read data, but the external RAM is not. A single-chip microcomputer is actually a highly integrated circuit chip, and the process of executing the program is a process of executing instructions one by one. The so-called instruction here refers to the related operation that needs to be executed by the single-chip microcomputer, and is usually written in the form of a command. Usually, a basic operation corresponds to one instruction, which is mainly determined by the instruction system given by the designer to the single-chip microcomputer. Since the MCU needs to follow a specific sequence in the process of executing the instruction, the instructions in the program are also stored one by one according to the same order. The MCU only needs to fetch these instructions one by one and execute it when executing the program, but requires a program counter. The PC tracks the instruction address. During the execution of the program, the PC is given the address of the corresponding instruction in the execution program. When the PC acquires the command, the corresponding content is automatically added. Usually, the length of the instruction determines the increase amount.
(II) Application of single chip microcomputer in electronic technology
1. Application in the field of household appliances
Nowadays, in the field of home appliance renewal and market development, the application of single-chip microcomputer is more and more extensive. For example, in electronic toys or advanced video game machines, the single-chip microcomputer will be used to realize its control function; and the washing machine can use the single-chip microcomputer to identify the type and dirty of the clothes. The degree of pollution, thus automatically selecting the washing intensity and washing time; using the single-chip control in the refrigerator freezer can identify the type and freshness of the food, and realize the automatic selection of the refrigerating temperature and the refrigerating time; the microwave oven can also automatically determine the heating by identifying the food type by the single-chip microcomputer. Temperature and heating time, etc., after the application of single-chip technology, these household appliances have made great progress compared with traditional technologies, both in terms of performance and function.
2. Application in the field of medical equipment
Modern medical conditions are becoming more and more developed, and people are paying more and more attention to medical sterilization and sterilization technology. However, some small hospitals and small clinics in remote areas have very simple disinfection and sterilization equipment, which cannot effectively control the quality of disinfection. With the development of single-chip technology, its small size, powerful function, flexible expansion, and convenient application are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it is used in medical ventilators, analyzers and monitors, ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, and hospital bed calling systems. Such equipment has been widely used.
3. Application in the field of industrial control
In fact, the earliest single-chip microcomputers have started to rise from the industrial field. So far, their applications in the field of industrial control are still very extensive. The use of single-chip technology constitutes a variety of data acquisition systems and intelligent control systems, such as intelligent management and intelligence of factory assembly lines. Elevator, alarm system, etc., all constitute a secondary control system through single-chip technology and computer networking.
4. Application in the field of instrumentation
The above also mentioned that the single-chip microcomputer has the characteristics of high integration, small size, strong control function and extended flexibility, and has fast processing speed and high reliability, so it is widely used in the field of intelligent instrumentation. . To a certain extent, the single-chip computer has driven a revolution in traditional measurement and control instrumentation technology, and realized the digitization, intelligence, integration and multi-function of instrumentation technology through single-chip technology, with traditional electronic circuits or digital Compared with the circuit, its function is more powerful and comprehensive.
Third, the application of single chip
(1) Choice of single-chip model and programming language
1 model selection. At present, there are many types of single-chip microcomputers, such as 8051, PIC, MS430, and AVR. Although the MCU models are different, the types of resources inside the chip are similar, and the usage of these resources is similar. It can be said that learning one kind, other types will be integrated. The 8051 series is an old model. Although this MCU is not the most powerful at present, it is the most widely used, with the most teaching resources, and the software support and hardware development are very mature. For beginners, we chose the AT89S52, which is manufactured by Atmel and has an ISP's in-circuit programming capability. 2 programming language choices. Since the C language of the single-chip microcomputer has no understanding of the instruction system of the single-chip microcomputer compared with the assembly language, the single-chip microcomputer can be directly programmed and operated by the C language; the modular programming technology is convenient, and the programmed program is easy. Transplantation; the C language of the single-chip computer has fewer common grammars, which is beneficial for writing small and fast programs. We choose C language as the programming language.
(II) Teaching objectives Through extensive research and analysis, we all agree that for students in secondary vocational schools, after learning the course of MCU, the teaching objectives that should be achieved are: 1 to understand the function and application of the MCU, the basic knowledge and Minimum working system. 2 learn the use of related software such as Keil and SLISP. 3 Initially learn the typical application of single-chip microcomputer in port operation, display, advanced input, time control and other engineering aspects. 4 learn the use of C51 basic statements and related functions. 5 Further motivate students who have spared the ability to continue to learn the interests and desires of the MCU, so that the general teaching objectives are finally decomposed into specific teaching projects and implemented.
(III) Design and development of experimental board
The MCU is a very practical and very hands-on course. The most effective way to learn a single-chip microcomputer is to pay equal attention to both theory and practice. While learning, practicing, and step by step, you can understand and understand the instructions used. Therefore, before the design of the teaching project, the experimental board must be designed and developed so that each teaching project can be completed on the experiment board. The experiment board can be purchased ready-made, or it can be designed according to the actual needs of the teaching. In the process of writing, we designed and developed five experimental module boards according to the teaching needs, which are single-chip module, command (button) module, LED display module, seven-segment digital tube module and LCD display module.
The teaching project of “design of time-delayed small lamp†is described as follows: The P1.0 pin of the single-chip microcomputer is used to control an LED to be blinked at 1 s, that is, the design of the delayed small lamp. The learning objectives given at the same time are: 1 Understand the basic structure of the C language program of the microcontroller. 2 Learn the use of while() statements, for statements, and without arguments. 3 Learn to enter the simulation and debugging state of Kiel software, and use the parameters in the “sec†column of the register window to calculate the relevant time of program execution. This will allow the student to clarify from the outset the tasks required to complete the teaching project and the relevant knowledge that should be mastered, that is, the learning objectives are both specific and clear.
Fourth, the conclusion
In short, to some extent, embedded computer systems have become one of the core technologies of modern electronic systems, and microcontrollers are the most typical, most widely used, and most popular embedded systems, even in modern electronic systems. The development process occupies an important position.
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