Today's wearable electronic products, such as wristbands, iwatch, Google Glass, etc., are popular, but these "portable" products are too cumbersome compared to electronic skin.
As a wearable electronic product, electronic skin is different from the current wearable device. It is as thin as your skin, and can be attached to your wrist or any other desired position of your body, or even become part of your body.
What is the function of electronic skin?
As we all know, the skin is the protective layer and intermediary that we are in contact with the surrounding environment. We use the skin of the palm to feel the hot and cold heat of the cup wall. We feel the texture of the material with the skin of the finger, feel the sweet and bitter skin with the skin of the tongue, and smell the skin with the nasal cavity. To the flower. The artificial electronic skin is: in addition to the human skin can do, it can also measure the heartbeat pulse, blood pressure and blood sugar in real time, can emit heat, store data, and even have a kind of stick on the tongue. Electronic skin that allows blind people to see the surrounding objects.
Electronic skin first appeared in the public's field of vision is science fiction, such as the fake hands of Star Wars and the robots in Terminator. And scientists began to study electronic skin can be traced back to the 1970s, the fake hand with a sensor. Later, in 2004, scientists invented the flexible matrix skin, and in 2008 invented the microstructured pressure sensor. In recent years, electronic skin has also received extensive research and attention due to its potential in the biomedical field. For example, in 2011, a small, scalable solar cell was proposed and manufactured by scientists at Stanford University in the United States to provide energy for electronic skin pressure sensors and the like. In 2013, Stanford University also invented an electronic skin that could be hidden in tattoos.
How to achieve the function of electronic skin?
To achieve the function of electronic skin, we must first make the electronic device thin and light. The more important problem is how to make it softly fit the skin and not be broken due to bending. Nowadays, the most widely used electronic device is made of silicon, and the silicon foil can be imagined as a crisp biscuit, which is difficult to bend. If it is bent by force, it will break or break the residue. Silicon nanoribbons that reach nanometer thickness can be bent, but cracks can also occur under pull or compression, and fragmented electronic products are generally unusable.
In order to solve the problem of electronic skin breaking under bending and pulling compression, the researchers have developed many different methods. It is mainly divided into two major directions. One is to use a new polymer material that can bend and pull without breaking itself, and a flexible material like resin or rubber to make a new type of electronic skin; It is the use of existing conventional electronic materials to achieve a bendable electronic skin through a new structural design.
What kind of structure can make the material that is easy to break under the thin and brittle pull, become an electronic skin that fits the skin and can withstand a large degree of bending? There are three main types of common structures:
Accordion structure
First stretch a polymer as a substrate to twice its length, then attach a thin strip of silicon to it, then relax the underlying substrate, and the silicon strip becomes curved. The song is crumpled or crumpled. The silicon material after such treatment can withstand stretching within 100%. It's like pulling a rubber strip and attaching a strip of paper on it. After relaxing, the strip becomes wrinkled in the direction of stretching. At the same time, a piece of paper that cannot be stretched, after such treatment, can be stretched and bent to some extent.
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