The solution of computer crash
Whether it is a compatible machine or a device brand machine, inexplicable crashes will occur during use. Crash is a common failure phenomenon, but also a difficult disease that is not easy to solve. Especially when the computer crashes, we cannot use software or tools to detect the machine at this time, and maintenance is often a headache.
1. The crash generally manifests as:
1) After the power is turned on, there is no response from the host, the power indicator is off, and the fan does not turn;
2) The system cannot start normally, and the screen suddenly freezes during the startup process;
3) The display goes blank during startup or during use;
4) The image is "frozen" and will not be updated, but the keyboard light can be turned on and off;
5) No response when the keyboard is locked;
6) The mouse can move normally but the host does not respond;
7) Abnormal software operation interruption;
8) Blue screen often appears.
9) Frequently report memory errors or overflows.
How can we quickly resolve the fault and return the machine to normal work?
2. Failure performance
Specifically, the crash can be divided into hardware and software. :
1. Hardware
Hardware crashes are often caused by: unstable mains voltage, low or high output voltage of the host power supply, high temperature in the chassis, overheating of the memory, overheating of the CPU, overclocking, interference, peripheral failures, boards Poor contact of the card, poor connection of the data line connecting the host and the peripheral, etc.
(1) Unstable mains voltage
The computer voltage working range is generally between 180V-240V, when the voltage is lower than 180V, the output voltage of the switching power supply is too low or protection, then the host is easy to restart or automatically shut down; when the voltage is higher than 240V, the mains input voltage exceeds The allowable working range of the host power supply, but due to the discreteness of the components of the circuit, the power supply may not be protected at this time, and the output of the secondary power supply may be high at this time, which may also cause a crash.
(2) The power supply of the host is not completely damaged
When the internal circuit of the host power supply is damaged, the voltage output may be biased or the current output is insufficient, resulting in insufficient effective load rate, and a crash phenomenon may also occur at this time. At present, most of the switching power supplies used in computer hosts use TL494 or similar PWM control chips. The comparator generally uses LM339 or LM393 to control whether the host sends a switching signal. When the chip is faulty, there will be a short circuit between the green wire and the black wire with a wire (some books require the use of a 100O resistor. In fact, it is not necessary. A resistance of about 2K has been connected in series in the internal circuit of the power supply, even if it is short-circuited, The current is only a few milliamps), the fan of the power supply works, and the output voltage measured by a multimeter is basically normal. But after connecting the circuit, the power supply cannot work normally. This is mainly because after the chip is damaged, the voltage sampling is wrong, and it cannot be caused by heavy load, as long as the chip of the same model is replaced.
I have encountered one time, a miscellaneous brand switching power supply, after about a year and a half, the host often hangs or fails to start. Finally, I checked the switching power supply and found that the output of + 5V is as high as 5.86V, while + 12V is only 9.9V, such a power supply It ’s blamed not to crash. Fortunately, the motherboard is not burned down.
(3) Poor heat dissipation in the chassis
Excessive dust in the chassis can also cause the system to freeze. Dust is the enemy of the computer. Too much dust adheres to the surface of the CPU, chips, and fans. These components can cause poor heat dissipation or poor contact. At the same time, the dust on the printed circuit board often causes short circuits in a humid environment. Both situations can cause crashes. This kind of situation is common when some old computers leave for one or two years and then turn on, and there is no response, or "beep" screams after booting, and the machine often freezes after the summer.
Because the temperature sensor of the CPU of the PIV computer is integrated inside the CPU, its temperature measurement is accurate, so the temperature of the CPU is generally around 50 at startup, much higher than the detection temperature of the SOCKET 370 CPU (around 30). However, because of the high heat generated by PIVCPU, when choosing a CPU fan, be sure to select the corresponding CPU fan according to the type of CPU. Do not let the situation of a small horse drawn cart, or the crash will continue.
Solution: We can use a brush to sweep away the dust, and then use a hair dryer (cold air baffle) to clean the gray tip of the board.
Note: Do not leave the hair and cotton of the brush and cotton swab on the circuit board and components to become a new source of failure. If we can clean the dust inside the main unit and monitor once a year, our love machine will not strike for no reason.
(4) Overclocking
Many DIY friends like to use overclocking to improve the performance of their computers, so you can do more with less money. But there are also big hidden dangers: from crashes to light ones, it may cause complete scrapping of CPU, memory, and hard disks.
I once had an experience of overclocking. I hardened the 66 FSB motherboard to 83 FSB. At first, the effect was good. When I was complacent for my small test knife, two days later, when I was running, The system prompts that the hard disk cannot be found. At first I didn't care, then it got more and more frequent, and finally I couldn't find the hard drive in CMOS. In particular, the current P4CPU is becoming more and more integrated, and some have adopted 0.09 micron circuits. When we overclock it, it is easy to cause excessive attenuation of the internal electrons of the CPU, and finally the connection line is completely broken, causing the CPU to be scrapped.
(5) Motherboard jumper error
Some motherboards use the route or code switch for the external frequency and frequency multiplication. The power supply voltage of the CPU or memory is selected using the jumper setting. At this time, we must set the main frequency multiplication parameter and corresponding voltage of the corresponding CPU according to the instructions. If the setting is incorrect, it may cause overclocking to the CPU. When the setting parameter is too high, it may cause a black screen or crash when entering the system. Sometimes, after discharging the CMOS, we did not jump the jumper back to the original position, then the screen will not start when the power is turned on. Some motherboards support both SD and DDR memory. Note that there are two voltage settings of + 2.5V and + 3.3V on the motherboard. In particular, there must be no errors in the setting of the core voltage of the CPU, otherwise it will easily cause the CPU to be scrapped.
(6) The internal circuit of the peripheral is damaged
When peripheral circuits such as monitors, printers, M and other internal circuits are damaged, the corresponding ports will be short-circuited after being connected to the host. At this time, the host cannot pass or cause power protection during power-on self-test. In some cutting plotters, the programmer is powered on before the host, but the host cannot be started after power on.
(7) The data cable connected to the peripheral device has poor contact.
When the data cable between the peripheral and the host is loose, it may also cause data interruption or errors in the transmission process, and it will also cause the machine to crash irregularly.
(8) Poor hardware quality or fake goods, parallel imports.
The quality of the hardware is not too hard, and the crash may occur when working for a long time or when the working environment temperature is too high or too low. Especially when some REMARK computer products are installed on their own computers and there is something wrong, it is best to check them and find out where the problem is. It is best to consider whether you have bought JS.
There were a lot of Barracuda 40G hard drives some time ago, and the bad sectors appeared in less than a week after I bought them. Then FORMAT is normal, but after a period of time, the fault reappears, then it becomes more and more serious, and sometimes the data is lost inexplicably.
(9) Accidental damage
During the maintenance process, we did not discharge the static electricity or lightning current on the body through the unprotected power supply and the MODEM telephone line to enter the host, damaging the power supply, the motherboard, the MODEM and various internal and external equipment. After accidental damage, sometimes there is no obvious burn or crack on the surface of the component. At this time, it can only be judged by testing the quality of each part of the host through the exchange method and the plug-in method.
(10) Interference
Now there are many household appliances in the home, especially inverter air conditioners, washing machines, induction cookers, etc. These appliances will emit a lot of electromagnetic waves into the air when working. If the computer is nearby, there may also be some inexplicable crashes or blue screens. . At this time we'd better try to change the computer to another place.
(11) The memory is damaged or incompatible
When there are bad blocks in the memory or the compatibility with the motherboard is not good, it will often occur: registry errors, memory errors, blue screens, insufficient system resources, and then crash.
Now the functions of the host are more and more convenient, such as keyboard boot, password boot, STR, etc. As everyone knows, the more functions, the greater the possibility of failure. Especially the STR function, when we turn on this function of the machine, when we choose to sleep, the system will save the current settings in the memory, and then turn off the other parts of the circuit, only the auxiliary power supply and memory related circuits work . During sleep, the memory is constantly refreshed, and its contents will not be lost. However, in summer, because the power of each memory is about 20W, a long time of sleep will cause too much heat to accumulate, which will not dissipate, and finally burn the host power supply or memory.
2. software
There are many failures caused by software, such as viruses, driver installation errors, driver conflicts with the system or other software, CMOS settings errors, incorrect configuration of CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT, WIN.INI or SYSTEM.INI files are loaded The file is missing or damaged, the loaded program is too large, and the system has too few remaining resources.
(1) Virus
The general performance is that the machine was able to operate normally at first, and suddenly the operating speed slowed down one day, and frequent crashes occurred. At this time, we must first use the latest anti-virus software for anti-virus to determine whether the machine has been infected with a virus. Nowadays, computer viruses are emerging in an endless stream, and most of the transmission methods tend to spread through the network. Therefore, when we go online, we must install network anti-virus software and close some open and uncommon ports.
(2) Driver installation error
If the driver installation of the hardware is incorrect or the driver of the hardware itself is buggy, it will also cause a crash. In this case, you need to check whether the driver of the installed hardware matches the hardware model or the core chip model. If you can, go to the Internet and download the latest driver for the hardware.
(3) CMOS setting error
The contents of CMOS such as CPU frequency, frequency multiplication, memory refresh time, whether L1, L2 are turned on, ECC check or even check, 15-16M, etc. When the above content is set incorrectly, you will obviously feel that the computing speed of the host changes Slow, and finally crash.
When the "AnTI Virus" or "Virus Warnning" virus protection function in the CMOS settings is turned on, we will crash during the installation of the WIN9X software because the system prevents the program from booting to the main boot area and the C drive Write instructions for the zone.
Due to frequent modification of CMOS parameters, or virus damage to CMOS parameters, CMOS parameters are often confused and difficult to recover. You can use the method of discharging CMOS and reset the CMOS parameters using the system BIOS default settings. The discharge method of CMOS can refer to the motherboard manual. After resetting the CMOS parameters, you must also disinfect the hard drive.
The default settings of CMOS can be taken, such as "LOAD SETUP DEFAULT" and "LOAD BIOS DEFAULT";
(4) CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT file configuration is incorrect
If it crashes during the software installation or after restarting after a certain software is installed, it is generally because some configuration of the system does not match the installed software. At this time, you can try to modify the relevant driver settings in CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT.
For CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT, you can also press F5 to skip the system configuration file at startup or press F8 to select the options in CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT step by step to check whether it is a driver or loading file problem, especially It is the configuration of EMS and XMS in EMM386, we can use this to determine the cause of the failure;
Some hardware drivers and memory-resident programs can avoid conflicts by not loading them.
For the WIN9X operating system, you can start the system normally without the support of the above two files. These two files are mainly for retaining support and compatibility with the original DOS program.
(5) The files to be loaded in the WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI files are missing or damaged.
If the files to be loaded in WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI are damaged or lost, the cursor will only flash for a long time during the system startup, and the keyboard and mouse will not respond. However, most of them appear to suggest that a certain file cannot be found. At this time, we can retrieve the file according to the prompt or delete the corresponding options in the WIN and SYSTEM files.
If the system fails to start after a sudden boot, then we can use the SCANREG / RESTORE command to restore the registry of a certain day to try.
(6) The software is conflicting or incompatible
As the applicability of the operating system becomes more and more convenient, and its programs and instructions become larger and larger, different software will inevitably have conflicts and incompatibilities when it runs. Sometimes the initial version of anti-virus software may have small bugs in the design, so when the user installs, there will be problems that the host cannot be shut down, the system starts slowly, and the blue screen of death. At this time, we only need to close or uninstall the software. The standard of judgment is that if the system works normally when a certain software is installed, and the system is not normal after installing a certain software, then the problem must be caused by the software.
(7) Too many loaded programs or too few system resources
If the host configuration is too low or the application software started is too large, it will also crash. At this time, in the properties of my computer, select "user specified virtual memory settings" to increase the system virtual memory to twice or more of the physical memory. The main solution is to select the corresponding application software according to the configuration of the machine.
(8) Network problems
Sometimes the network is not normal can also cause a crash. Nowadays, popular online games such as Lianzhong, Legend and so on. If the network is not normal, it will also crash during the communication with the server. Some manifested as a crash while surfing the Internet, and some manifested as a crash after disconnecting.
three. Solution
The basic principle of computer fault resolution: first soft and then hard, first outer and inner first, then master and slave, the smallest system, replace one by one.
four. for example
(1) After installing the Rising Anti-Virus software, a Lenovo PII400 host will slow down. It takes 30 minutes to open an application software, such as WPS2000. Careful testing not only takes a long time to open the application software, but it also takes nearly 10 minutes to print an A4 paper when printing documents with a printer. Analyze the situation before and after the failure, and finally uninstall the Rising anti-virus software, the system returns to normal.
When we install anti-virus software, it is best to install the application software intact, and then install anti-virus software at the end to minimize the occurrence of incompatibilities or conflicts.
(2) A PIII800 main unit with a small and compact chassis, which suddenly shuts down in July and August every year, and then restarts invalid. You must unplug the power supply for a few seconds, plug it in and turn it on again to start. This kind of failure is mainly due to the small chassis and narrow internal space. After more than one year of use, there is too much dust and the air flow is not smooth, causing the heat generated by the motherboard, CPU, and power supply to not dissipate, and finally cause power protection or crash. . Finally, open the case and troubleshoot after removing dust from the CPU and power supply.
(3) A CII566 host, a machine that has just been installed in a computer company, is placed in the customer's office, and the blue screen of death occurs within half an hour. This problem went back and forth several times from the company to the customer's office, and it was normal in the company. It crashed as soon as it arrived at the customer's office. The final inspection revealed that above the computer is a working air conditioner. Finally, after removing the computer from the air conditioner by a certain distance, the fault is eliminated.
(4) For a PIV2.0 machine, the customer has not bought it for two days after buying it. After using it for three hours of sleep, no matter how to press the keyboard, the mouse cannot wake up. This problem is mainly caused by the user inadvertently turning on the STR function in the CMOS settings (set to S3), and then using sleep, which causes the power supply to overheat and burn. Finally, replace the power supply to solve the fault.
(5) After installing RealPLay on a P166G brain, the system prompts to restart. After the blue sky and white clouds appear, there is no response. This problem may be that the software installed on the 166MMX machine conflicts with the RealPLay software or lacks the files required by the RealPLay software, causing a crash at startup. Finally enter safe mode, after uninstalling RealPLay, you can start normally.
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