I / O interface standard analysis series tutorial (2): CML, PECL, LVECL and LVDS

2. Differential signal interface standard

CML (Current-mode llogic) It does not have a standard and is based on a simple differential amplifier, as shown in Figure 2. Usually take R1=R2=50 ohms, |VOUT+ - VOUT-| = R1 * i1 = 50*i1, different manufacturers i1 values ​​are different, so manufacturers with different voltage swings are different. Different manufacturers have different resistances. It is impossible to be a high-performance high-speed device. Another factor is the common-mode voltage. This is very important for DC coupling. The user must ensure that the transmitter and receiver common-mode voltages match, if it is AC-coupled. , the common mode voltage is not a problem.

I/O Interface Standards (2): CML, PECL, LVECL, and LVDS

PECL (posiTIve-emitter coupled logic) and LVPECL (low-voltagePECL), the basic structure is shown in Figure 3. The input buffer is the same as CML, and the output adds a common source amplifier. The output is open source. The user needs to increase the ground resistance to form an output signal externally. Like CML, there is no standard for PECL and LVPECL. Different manufacturers have different output voltage swings. The output voltage swing depends not only on the external resistor but also on the gate-level voltage of the common-source amplifier. Similar to CML, PECL and LVPECL require users to consider common-mode voltage, voltage swing, interchangeability, and so on. Compared with CML, because it has more common source amplifiers, it has lower output impedance than CML, so it can drive heavier loads. Using external resistors may be an advantage, allowing users to control output swing, power consumption, and termination. Match and so on.

I/O Interface Standards (2): CML, PECL, LVECL, and LVDS

LVDS (low-voltage differenTIal signaling), the basic structure of the circuit is shown in Figure 4. LVDS is standard (TIA/EAI-644). The load resistance between VOUT+ and VOUT- is typically 100 ohms. DC coupling is generally used.

I/O Interface Standards (2): CML, PECL, LVECL, and LVDS


I/O Interface Standards (2): CML, PECL, LVECL, and LVDS

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