In the second half of the 20th century, the world's third industrial revolution began, and humanity began to enter the post-industrial society - the information society. In the era of information economy, the symbol of its advanced productivity and technological development is computing technology. Today, computational science, especially computational science based on supercomputers (or high-performance computers), has become one of the three pillars of modern science alongside theoretical research and experimental science.
Modern supercomputing is based on advanced clustering technology, commonly known as grid computing technology (GridCompuTIng). Grid computing is a new computing model developed specifically for complex scientific computing with the development of the Internet. This computing model uses the Internet to organize computers scattered in different geographical locations into a virtual "supercomputer". Each computer participating in the calculation is a "node", and the entire calculation is made up of thousands of "nodes". "Composed of a grid", so called grid computing. This "supercomputer" has two advantages, one is that the data processing capability is super strong, and the other is to make full use of the idle processing power of the Internet. In fact, grid computing is a type of distributed computing (DistributedCompuTIng). It should be noted that grid computing is a traditional and more specialized definition, while supercomputing is a more popular concept. The two are essentially the same.
A supercomputing center (ie, a supercomputing center) refers to an institution or unit that provides computing resources, storage resources, and technical consulting services based on a supercomputer system. Supercomputing plays an irreplaceable role in the development of a country, especially in the development of cutting-edge science and technology. Key areas of economic and social development such as biotechnology, oil exploration, weather forecasting, national defense technology, industrial design, and urban planning. Can not do without super calculations. Various countries, especially those with relatively developed economic and technological levels, have made the promotion of supercomputing development an important planning content.
Supercomputing and cloud computingAs mentioned earlier in this journal, cloud computing is a business model that publishes and consumes globally, highly scalable, and flexible services over the Internet, and pays for demand and actual use. Cloud computing represents a whole new value: it enables companies to achieve highly scalable and flexible Internet services; SaaS's thin client applications reduce the cost of purchasing and maintaining software; all features are delivered to users in a serviced manner.
Cloud computing evolved from grid computing to provide resources on demand. Grid computing can be in the cloud or not, depending on what kind of users are using it. If users are system administrators and integrators, they care about how to maintain the cloud, such as upgrading, installing and virtualizing servers and applications, etc. If the user is a consumer, there is no need to care how the system works.
There are many similarities between grid computing and cloud computing. Both can be seen as concepts derived from distributed computing, in order to make IT resources transparent to users, in order to make IT resources better. rate. From the perspective of improving resource utilization, the concept of WEB service has gradually emerged. By deploying tens of thousands of servers to form a huge computing resource, network companies are able to offer new services that were previously impossible. Enterprises or individuals can use the computing resources released by large network companies to deploy applications or provide services to the Internet. This is the historical process from grid computing to cloud computing. The significance of grid computing and cloud computing is that both users and enterprise developers can obtain data or perform calculations through the Internet. Although local resources are limited, they can perform complex operations through the network. Users are like Internet networks for local network users.
1. The same point of supercomputing and cloud computing
By definition, both grid computing and cloud computing attempt to treat various IT resources as a virtual resource pool that can provide corresponding services. Cloud computing is trying to make "users use resources transparently," and the original intention of grid computing was "using IT resources as easy as using hydropower."
Cloud computing is a broad concept that allows users to access a variety of IT resource-based services over the Internet, and users can enjoy the "IT-related resources" as a service without having to understand the underlying IT infrastructure. The connotation of the grid includes two aspects, one is the so-called utility calculation or the on-demand calculation. At this point, the grid computing is very similar to the cloud computing, which is through the resource pool or distributed computing resources. Provide online computing, storage and other services; on the other hand, the so-called "virtual supercomputer", a large number of computing resources are connected together in a loosely coupled way, providing super computing power that cannot be completed by a single computing resource. From the perspective of providing services externally, grid computing is very similar to cloud computing.
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